The couturiere Elsa Schiaparelli (1890–1973) was a key figure in Paris fashion between the two World Wars.

Following in the footsteps of her mentor Paul Poiret, she designed her first knitwear collection in January 1927 announcing the arrival of a major new designer.

Decorated with trompe-l’oeil motifs in black and white, her sweaters were an immediate success in both France and the US.

In 1935, the Maison Schiaparelli opened on the Place Vendome in Paris, selling collections designed for sports, city, and evening wear.

Like her arch-rival Gabrielle Chanel, Schiaparelli also worked closely with artists, including Man Ray, Jean Cocteau, and Salvador Dalí, with whom she created her now-iconic lobster dress.

Taking a cue from Surrealism, her creations were hugely imaginative and made use of innovative new materials.

The “Schiap” style continued to develop through the 1930s and her designs were renowned for their originality and creativity. Her most famous collections addressed themes including the circus (Summer 1938) and astrology (Fall/Winter 1938–39).

In 1937, Schiaparelli launched the fragrance “Shocking,” named after shocking pink, which had become her signature color.